In Japan, Earth is often described as one half of the universe with Heaven being its opposite force. An ancient Japanese cosmological theory states that through the union of these dual forces all things were born. In Mikao Usui’s early teachings the CKR and Symbol 1 are said to be associated with the energy of the Earth: heavy, powerful and grounding. Hiroshi Doi has stated, ‘In the Gakkai the words harmony of ten-chi-jin and Oneness of Great Universe (the macrocosm) and Small Universe (humans or the microcosm) are often used.’ Ten is Heaven, chi is Earth, and jin is humanity.